{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:21:48Z","timestamp":1785428508078,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) is a slow destructive type of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, characterised by multiple pulmonary cavities that develop and expand over several months or years. Pleural involvement in the form of pneumothorax has been rarely reported in CCPA. We report such an unusual case of an immunocompromised male, with a history of chronic cough and fever, presenting with acute onset of shortness of breath. Chest imaging showed bilateral multiple cavitating nodules, ground glass opacities and dense right middle lobe consolidations and right-sided pneumothorax. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed septate hyaline hyphae on KOH (potassium hydroxide) staining and fungal culture grew <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>. BAL and serum galactomanan were positive and serum IgG for <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> was 58 MgA\/L (0\u201340MgA\/L) confirming the cause of spontaneous secondary pneumothorax in our patient as CCPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-241655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T12:11:25Z","timestamp":1627906285000},"page":"e241655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unusual case of chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as spontaneous pneumothorax in an immunocompromised man"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9715-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swasthi","family":"S Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-9112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Animesh","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naval Kishore","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4465-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surabhi","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00054810"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu490"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1086\/376526","article-title":"Chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis: case series, proposed nomenclature change, and review","volume":"37(Suppl 3)","author":"Denning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.18093\/0869-0189-2016-2-6-665-7679","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical guidelines of European Society for clinical microbiology and infectious diseases and European respiratory society","volume":"26","author":"Denning,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulmonologiya"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.07.003","article-title":"A unique case of Hydropneumothorax in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"25","author":"Suri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082712290515000_14.8.e241655.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UABP S . 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