{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:31:47Z","timestamp":1777131107844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic> is increasingly implicated in infectious endocarditis. Our patient presented with anaemia and renal failure with evidence of infarcts and embolic disease. He was found to have endocarditis with an organism that could not speciate with standard culture methods requiring matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) for identification and susceptibilities. While involvement of mitral and aortic valves can be expected with <jats:italic>Gemella<\/jats:italic>, he had rare involvement of the pulmonic valve in a structurally normal heart. Although bacteriological cure was achieved, due to the locally destructive nature of <jats:italic>Gemella<\/jats:italic>, he ultimately required valve replacements for heart failure resolution. Workup for commonly implicated pathologies associated with <jats:italic>G. morbillorum<\/jats:italic> led to suspicion of gastrointestinal malignancy with findings of occult bleeding prompting an ongoing evaluation. With improved access to advanced diagnostics, <jats:italic>G. morbillorum<\/jats:italic> has been increasingly identified in infectious endocarditis. Given its destructive nature, it is important for clinicians to consider this organism is difficult to identify isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T13:31:56Z","timestamp":1627047116000},"page":"e242093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-valvular infective endocarditis from <i>Gemella morbillorum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anish Kumar","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin Murchan","family":"Bonura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.518"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603","article-title":"Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Murdoch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2048"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1129-1133.2002"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600740538"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1098527","article-title":"Gemella Species Bacteremia and Stroke in an Elderly Patient with Respiratory Tract Infection","volume":"2017","author":"Jayananda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-017-0579-3","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis of pulmonary valve:a case report","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.02.012"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.09.093"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.763-766.2003"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.4.866-871.1998"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.01.001","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis: case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Maraki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.9.690"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.03.019","article-title":"A broad-range PCR technique for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis","volume":"49","author":"Boujelben","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.226","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock due to Gemella morbillorum native mitral valve endocarditis","volume":"3","author":"Rosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2013.03.001"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02014200"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.18","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis","volume":"2014","author":"Ural","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1885-5857(09)60052-9"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/AJM.AJM_3_19","article-title":"Gemella endocarditis: a case report and a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Youssef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.379"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(92)93753-D"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.23","first-page":"108","article-title":"Infective endocarditis due to Gemella morbillorum complicating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy","volume":"63","author":"Kerr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.33.628","article-title":"Infective endocarditis caused by an Indigenous bacterium (Gemella morbillorum)","volume":"33","author":"Terada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.833.188"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.1084"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199709000-00011"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200008000-00015","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis in a child","volume":"19","author":"Farmaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.29","first-page":"317","article-title":"Gemella species endocarditis in a child","volume":"12","author":"Purcell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.65.997"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4893-4896.2004"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000153173.47612.ab","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis in a child","volume":"24","author":"Gimigliano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.01.071","article-title":"Evidence of active endocarditis, caused by Gemella morbillorum, related to acute embolic stroke","volume":"112","author":"Murai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47389-0"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.35","first-page":"e385","article-title":"Aortic and mitral valve endocarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum in a haemodialysis patient","volume":"49","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2009.00061.x"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.37","first-page":"183","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve","volume":"51","author":"Taimur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2009.07.021","article-title":"[Lethal aortic endocarditis due to Gemella morbillorum in a Djiboutian khat user]","volume":"31","author":"Massoure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.39","first-page":"CS124","article-title":"Infective endocarditis following body piercing: presentation of one case due to Gemella morbillorum and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Carano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00121"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2013.06.005","article-title":"[Gemella endocarditis: an aggressive entity]","volume":"32","author":"Godinho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal N , Kariyappa M , Kolhari VB , et al . Cauliflower-like deformation of pulmonary valve in a case of infective endocarditis by a rare organism: Gemella morbillorum. BMJ Case Rep. 2014.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-204726"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.43","first-page":"bcr2014203951","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a rare organism causing a large vegetation and abscess in an uncommon setting","volume":"2014","author":"Kolhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Child Meml Hosp Chic"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-207304","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis","volume":"2014","author":"Shahani","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.094","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum tricuspid valve endocarditis resulting in septic pulmonary emboli in a patient with intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"184","author":"Constantinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinha T . Endocarditis due to Gemella morbillorum. Intern Med. 2017;56.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.8253"},{"key":"2025082702562510000_14.7.e242093.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000484474","article-title":"Rare bacteria infecting the heart and affecting the kidney of a young child","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol Dial"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T09:57:02Z","timestamp":1756288622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-242093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}