{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T22:04:37Z","timestamp":1773612277015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a major cause of maldigestion\/malabsorption syndromes. It is routinely diagnosed in clinical practice with the use of faecal elastase 1 levels, and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Numerous primary pancreatic and extrapancreatic causes for EPI have been established. Chronic giardiasis is a common condition with symptoms similar to EPI; however, it has also been described as an infrequent cause of EPI. Much remains to be understood about the pathobiology of this association. Here, we present our experience of an intriguing case of severe pancreatic insufficiency in the setting of chronic giardiasis. The patient showed improvement in symptoms over weeks after completion of treatment for chronic giardiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T12:01:42Z","timestamp":1620388902000},"page":"e242129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic giardiasis: a rare cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Prateek","family":"Pophali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Medicine, Jack D Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maedeh","family":"Veyseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Fraij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Jack D Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahan","family":"Hapangama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Jack D Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.599","article-title":"Secondary impairment of pancreatic function as a cause of severe malabsorption in intestinal giardiasis: a case report","volume":"56","author":"Carroccio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02786124","article-title":"Secretin-cerulein test and fecal chymotrypsin concentration in children with intestinal giardiasis","volume":"14","author":"Carroccio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2317"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i47.8974"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i39.7059","article-title":"Less common etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199401000-00021","article-title":"Lipoproteins and chronic pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Montalto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.580"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00822.x"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.8.641"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308149"},{"key":"2025082710054151000_14.5.e242129.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010687918252"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T17:05:46Z","timestamp":1756314346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-242129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}