{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:50:55Z","timestamp":1767703855680,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 74-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted and experienced progressive dyspnoea while receiving supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). A CT of the thorax showed a pneumomediastinum. The HFNC was temporally interrupted, since it was uncertain whether the positive end-expiratory pressure of the HFNC could be the cause of the pneumomediastinum. After restart of the HFNC, there was no increase of symptoms. We suggest that the pneumomediastinum was the result of COVID-19-related alveolar damage, and not due to the use of HFNC. This observation is relevant since HFNC is often used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T12:46:54Z","timestamp":1620737214000},"page":"e242527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pneumomediastinum in a patient with COVID-19 due to diffuse alveolar damage"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Heijboer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurien","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Cretier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7671-3742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert-Jan","family":"Braunstahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.1","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum","volume":"7","author":"Kouritas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1263-z"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02358"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0278-4"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04577"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-019-0305-3","article-title":"A case of subcutaneous emphysema\/mediastinal emphysema during the use of humidified high-flow nasal cannula","volume":"5","author":"Sonobe","year":"2019","journal-title":"JA Clin Rep"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.06.008","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID-19: a case series of four patients","volume":"56","author":"Gorospe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"2025082701553287000_14.5.e242527.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002697","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02697-2020","article-title":"COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series","volume":"56","author":"Martinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T08:55:36Z","timestamp":1756284936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-242527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242527","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}