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Chest CT revealed a fracture in the right seventh rib with consolidation and pleural effusion. A pleural fluid culture test result was positive for methicillin-susceptible <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. He was diagnosed with empyema associated with a cough-induced rib fracture. Thoracic drainage tube placement and intravenous antibiotic therapy successfully ameliorated his condition. He was discharged on day 13 and switched to an 8-week course of oral antibiotic therapy. There was no clinical relapse at the 6-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T12:33:13Z","timestamp":1621945993000},"page":"e242656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Empyema associated with a cough-induced rib fracture"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3554-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hayano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, 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