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At follow-up in 2016, an olfactory groove meningioma and left greater wing of sphenoid meningioma were identified. By 2017, both tumours, along with the petrous meningioma, demonstrated significant growth. In 2018, clinical decline was evident and MRI demonstrated further tumour growth. Surgery was scheduled and the olfactory groove meningioma was completely resected (WHO grade 2, chordoid subtype). Hormones were stopped, after which regression of the petrous meningioma was observed. This case demonstrates an association between high-dose CPA and estradiol and the development, growth and regression of meningiomas in a transgender woman.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T12:16:26Z","timestamp":1626264986000},"page":"e242813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gender-affirming hormone therapy associated with multiple meningiomas and atypical histology in a transgender woman"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7727-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher Paul","family":"Millward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, 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