{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:50:52Z","timestamp":1761709852667,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe the case of a 33-year-old female smoker who presented to the Accident and Emergency department with a 1-day history of rapidly evolving airway compromise. She had no preceding illness or other objective signs\/symptoms on presentation, had a history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and a previous opioid addiction. Following failed endotracheal intubation, the airway was secured with an emergency surgical tracheostomy. Subsequent direct laryngoscopy revealed a severely diseased glottis and supraglottic area, from which biopsy samples revealed a multiple drug-resistant strain of <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> requiring specialist microbiology input and antifungal treatment. We describe the presentation, investigation, management and outcome of this rare case, along with a literature review of the subject.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1628166564000},"page":"e242910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Extreme laryngeal candidiasis: airway obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Susan C","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-8762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher SG","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK"},{"name":"Anatomy, University of Edinburgh Division of Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Bannister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.70.5.662"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890080612"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100118997"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.10.017"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130108000306","article-title":"Laryngeal candidiasis","volume":"80","author":"Neuenschwander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80254-8"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100141131","article-title":"Invasive laryngeal candidiasis: a cause of stridor in the previously irradiated patient","volume":"112","author":"Ganesan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.3.212","article-title":"The impact of human immunodeficency virus 1 on largyngeal airway obstruction in children","volume":"87","author":"Jeena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215021910618","article-title":"Primary aspergillosis of the larynx associated with CD4+ T lymphocytopenia","volume":"116","author":"Nakahira","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2025082622383909000_14.8.e242910.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E33","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131709600105","article-title":"Invasive fungal laryngopharyngitis resulting in laryngeal destruction with complete laryngotracheal separation: report of a case","volume":"96","author":"Swiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:38:48Z","timestamp":1756273128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-242910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}