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The patient was a 15-year-old boy who had never been vaccinated against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). He likely developed varicella from his father, whom the patient lived with. The patient\u2019s father developed a localised herpes zoster infection 2\u2009weeks prior. The patient\u2019s varicella was hypothesised to be due to VZV spread via airborne transmission from the father\u2019s localised infection. To decrease the number of varicella cases, routine vaccination of children against VZV is essential, and immunisation against VZV in middle-aged and elderly patients is also necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T12:06:30Z","timestamp":1630670790000},"page":"e243217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Varicella caused by airborne transmission of a localised herpes zoster infection in a family"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yumi","family":"Hatsushika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Nii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.1","unstructured":"The centers for disease control and prevention. chickenpox (varicella). Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/chickenpox\/hcp\/index.html [Accessed 19 Jun 2021]."},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.2","unstructured":"The centers for disease control and prevention. shingles (herpes zoster). Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/shingles\/hcp\/index.html [Accessed 19 Jun 2021]."},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.3","unstructured":"National Institute of infectious diseases, Japan IASR, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/en\/iasr-vol39-e\/8268-462te.html [Accessed 19 Jun 2021]."},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599381"},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.101016","article-title":"Varicella-Zoster virus post-exposure management and prophylaxis: a review","volume":"16","author":"Lachiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.238"},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527419"},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.054","article-title":"Herpes zoster in hospitalized adults: practice gaps, new evidence, and remaining questions","volume":"78","author":"Ahronowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082710153176000_14.9.e243217.9","unstructured":"Red Book . 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