{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1771501476124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/bmj.com\/coronavirus\/usage"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a case of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) occurring soon after the first dose of Vaxzevria (previously known as COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca). Thus far, there has been no evidence of an increased risk of GBS resulting from either COVID-19 infection nor from COVID-19 vaccines; however, individual cases and population cohorts should be scrutinised, in order to ensure the constant evaluation of such risks. It is as yet not possible to draw conclusions about any significant association between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. A temporal correlation does not imply, and should not be deemed to signify, causality. However, it is important to remain vigilant, so that any potential increased risk is properly evaluated. The specific presentation of bifacial weakness as the initial symptom may be a characteristic feature of GBS in the context of recent COVID-19 vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T10:37:29Z","timestamp":1627641449000},"page":"e244125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Norma","family":"McKean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charmaine","family":"Chircop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.1","unstructured":"Covid-19 Dashboard. Available: https:\/\/deputyprimeminister.gov.mt\/en\/health-promotion\/covid-19\/Pages\/covid-19-infographics.aspx [Accessed 6 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.2","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccinations. Available: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations?country=MLT [Accessed 6 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011881","article-title":"Guillain- Barr\u00e9 syndrome in the placebo and active arms of a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial: temporal associations do not imply causality","author":"M\u00e1rquez Loza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26144","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26143","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome following ChAdOx1-S\/nCoV-19 vaccine","author":"Maramattom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.121"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000929","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Sheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws194"},{"key":"2025082707364834000_14.7.e244125.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812173392501","article-title":"The Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and the 1992\u20131993 and 1993\u20131994 influenza vaccines","volume":"339","author":"Lasky","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:36:54Z","timestamp":1756305414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}