{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:04:29Z","timestamp":1756425869626,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/bmj.com\/coronavirus\/usage"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 57-year-old Hispanic man with diabetes presented with dyspnoea. He had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. He was intubated for severe hypoxia and treated with intermittent pressors, methylprednisolone and supportive care. He was extubated on hospital day (HD) 9 and discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) on HD 18. Approximately 1 month later, he presented with melena. Endoscopy revealed two large 1.5\u20132\u2009cm wide-based distal oesophageal ulcers without active bleeding. Histology showed ulcerated squamous mucosa with extensive necrosis extending to the muscularis propria and coccoid bacterial colonies with rare fungal forms suggestive of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>. He was treated with fluconazole and pantoprazole and was discharged to a SNF. Approximately 3 weeks later, he was readmitted for complications. Repeat endoscopy demonstrated improvement and histology revealed chronic inflammation with reactive epithelial changes. Incidentally, SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive during this visit without any respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T13:04:34Z","timestamp":1629119074000},"page":"e244164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acute oesophageal necrosis in a patient with recent SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada F","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital, Sugar Land, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadim S","family":"Jafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Memorial Hermann Healthcare System, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi L","family":"Holtorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital, Sugar Land, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinil K","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital, Sugar Land, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040372","article-title":"Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.001","article-title":"AGA Institute rapid review of the gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19, meta-analysis of international data, and recommendations for the consultative management of patients with COVID-19","volume":"159","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000691"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.072","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ischemic colitis: an under-recognized complication","volume":"38","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03627-6","article-title":"Bowel perforation in a Covid-19 patient: case report","volume":"35","author":"De Nardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.6","first-page":"2050313X2094057","article-title":"Gastrointestinal perforation in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Kangas-Dick","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.7","first-page":"375","article-title":"[Erythropoietin--the first hematologic hormone in clinical use]","volume":"118","author":"Rhyner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.06.015","article-title":"Self-Limited gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19","volume":"44","author":"Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.05.001","article-title":"Uncommon presentation of COVID-19: gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"44","author":"Gulen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2020-000434"},{"key":"2025082804390619000_14.8.e244164.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598400","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.598400","article-title":"Vascular Manifestations of COVID-19 - 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