{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:21:06Z","timestamp":1792531266432,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Buschke-L\u00f6wenstein tumour (BLT) is rare and locally aggressive, and malignant transformation is a possibility. Because there is no consensus on the best treatment approach, the authors present a treatment algorithm based on several case reports. A 57-year-old male patient resorted to surgical consultation with a giant perianal cauliflower-like mass. A BLT was diagnosed. Due to the involvement of the anal sphincter, a wide local excision saving the rectum failed. Abdominoperineal resection was performed. Malignant transformation was diagnosed, and adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered. Clinical evolution was uneventful. Aggressive behaviour despite the absence of malignancy is the hallmark of BLT. The common presentation is an anal mass with a cauliflower-like appearance. Anal verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the major differential diagnoses. BLT treatment is challenging. Surgery is the first-line treatment, raging from wide local excision to abdominoperineal resection. To improve outcomes, chemoradiation can be used in combination with surgery. Long-term follow-up is mandatory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T12:46:20Z","timestamp":1631796380000},"page":"e244192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Buschke-L\u00f6wenstein tumour: a rare and challenging entity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Costa Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Hospital da Luz, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"General Surgery, CUF, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Hospital da Horta EPER, Horta, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Consultation Nurse, Hospital da Luz, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Vila\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Hospital da Luz, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01728480"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543-550","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02680-z","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of buschke-l\u00f6wenstein tumor: a multi-institutional analysis of 38 cases","volume":"476","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000413","article-title":"Buschke-lowenstein tumor","volume":"349","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13193","article-title":"Giant condyloma acuminatum (buschke-lowenstein tumor): combined treatment with surgery and chemotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Jorgaqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.01.023"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687835","article-title":"Premalignant and malignant perianal lesions","volume":"32","author":"Abbass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2019.10.024","article-title":"Staged resection in the management of HIV-related anogenital giant condyloma acuminatum. a case report","volume":"48","author":"Loo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-231","article-title":"Buschke-l\u00f6wenstein tumor with squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemo-radiation therapy and local surgical excision: report of three cases","volume":"11","author":"Indinnimeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.108.17999","article-title":"Extended anogenital buschke-l\u00f6wenstein tumor in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"34","author":"Salim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-98802008000300013","article-title":"Tumor de buschke-lowestein: tratamento CoM imiquimod para preserva\u00e7\u00e3o esfincteriana. relato de caso","volume":"28","author":"Coelho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev bras. colo-proctol."},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052606"},{"key":"2025082713161518000_14.9.e244192.12","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network . 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