{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:07:04Z","timestamp":1756339624416,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In amplified natural killer (ANK) cell immunotherapy, NK cells are extracted from the patient\u2019s blood, cultured for enhancing its anticancer effects and amplified before they are returned to the body. Here, we administered ANK therapy to an 81-year-old female patient diagnosed with smouldering human T cell leukaemia virus-associated bronchioloalveolar disorder. After eight sessions of twice-weekly NK cell infusion, the bilateral diffuse granular shadows on a CT scan and the overall respiratory function improved markedly. Later, the patient received outpatient treatment without serious side effects. Thus, ANK therapy may be safe for elderly patients owing to its infrequent side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T11:23:20Z","timestamp":1638876200000},"page":"e244619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Successful treatment of smouldering Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type1 associated bronchiolitis and alveolar abnormalities with amplified natural killer therapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Nagai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ebino Centro Clinic, Ebino City, Miyazaki, Japan"},{"name":"Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ebino Centro Clinic, Ebino City, Miyazaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/reports1020013","article-title":"Successful amplified-natural-killer cell (ANK) therapy administered to a patient with smoldering adult T-cell leukemia in acute crisis","volume":"1","author":"Teshigawara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reports"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.4.1239"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00091-08"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-86"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0677"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2000.00231.x"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.7","first-page":"283","article-title":"Htlv-1 associated bronchiolo-alveolar disorder","volume":"47","author":"Kimura","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nippon Kyoubu Rinsho"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-199803000-00007"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.9","article-title":"Htlv-1 and pulmonary disease","volume":"20","author":"Miyazato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ensho"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06541.x","article-title":"Expression of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) tax\/rex gene in fresh bronchoalveolar lavage cells of HTLV-1-infected individuals","volume":"96","author":"Higashiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2025082712471460000_14.12.e244619.11","first-page":"79","article-title":"Htlv-1 oncoprotein tax and cellular transcription factors","volume":"193","author":"Yoshida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T19:47:23Z","timestamp":1756324043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-244619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}