{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1756425811287,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While infection should always lead the differential when a patient with AIDS presents with fever, inflammatory and malignant aetiologies should also be considered. With profound immunocompromise, malignancies can develop as sequelae of viral oncogene expression. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection drives several AIDS-related cancers including Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which can present simultaneously with variable clinical features. Herein, we describe a case of synchronous visceral KS and extracavitary PEL in a patient with AIDS. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and remains in remission after four cycles. We review other cases of copresenting HHV-8-related malignancies, explore the salient pathomechanisms and clinical features of these cancers and discuss treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-245306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T11:58:42Z","timestamp":1648555122000},"page":"e245306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synchronous visceral Kaposi sarcoma and extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma in a patient with AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stanley","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Oertling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8143-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Rezigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801334494000_15.3.e245306.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90001-L","article-title":"Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a sexually transmitted infection?","volume":"335","author":"Beral","year":"1990","journal-title":"The 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