{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T06:05:11Z","timestamp":1776578711556,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 36-year-old Asian man presented with swelling over the left frontal region involving the upper eyelids, with associated erythema and tenderness for 1 month duration. Clinically he was diagnosed as a case of preseptal cellulitis, however, the lesion did not improve on broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics. CT showed superficial soft tissue swelling in the forehead extending till the superior part of orbit. Histopathological assessment of the lesion revealed clusters of epithelioid cells with multinucleate giant cells in the dermis along with perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates, suggestive of leprosy. The patient was started on oral steroids with multidrug therapy, following which the patient showed early resolution of the lesion within 10 days of treatment. Leprosy is endemic in India, leprosy with reactional episodes mimics other inflammatory and infective etiologies making diagnosis difficult. Leprosy should be present in an ophthalmologist\u2019s diagnostic repertoire while dealing with periorbital swellings for early clinical diagnosis and favourable outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-245641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T11:36:14Z","timestamp":1641468974000},"page":"e245641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case of leprosy mimicking preseptal cellulitis: a diagnostic dilemma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Deepayan","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Science Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himani","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Science Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Science Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidhya","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Science Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.1","article-title":"Clinico-histological correlation in Hansen's disease: three-year experience at a newly established tertiary care center in central India","volume":"63","author":"Semwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.2","unstructured":"Leprosy (Hansen\u2019s disease). Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/leprosy-Leprosys-disease [Accessed 09 Sept 2021]."},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20131986","article-title":"Borderline tuberculoid leprosy and type 1 leprosy reaction in a hepatitis C patient during treatment with interferon and ribavirin","volume":"88","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.4","first-page":"801","article-title":"Leprosy\u2014an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.07.003","article-title":"Ocular leprosy","volume":"33","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.53.4.217"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701984"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04994.x","article-title":"Diagnosing leprosy: revisiting the role of the slit-skin smear with critical analysis of the applicability of polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis","volume":"50","author":"Banerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2015.10072015355","article-title":"An institution-based observational study to identify sensitive histopathological parameters in leprosy","volume":"4","author":"Mistry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962008000100010"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.11","first-page":"10","article-title":"Leprosy reactions-\u2014-complications of steroid therapy","volume":"66","author":"Sugumaran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"2025082803560711000_15.1.e245641.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153781","article-title":"Leprosy type-I reaction episode mimicking facial cellulitis\u2014the importance of early diagnosis","volume":"90","author":"Fernandes","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-245641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:56:15Z","timestamp":1756378575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-245641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-245641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-245641","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}