{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:21:24Z","timestamp":1785763284462,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage (SAH) is a rare condition. The incidence of adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy is currently not known; however, an association with pregnancy has been reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>An acute presentation with severe back or flank pain should raise suspicion of this condition. Diagnosis is based on imaging. An ultrasound scan is a basic and readily available investigation in pregnancy to rule out renal and suprarenal pathology while CT or MRI scan can help to confirm the diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, involving the obstetric, anaesthetic, medical and endocrine team, is essential in management of this condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We present a case of an SAH; managed conservatively, in an otherwise healthy and low-risk pregnant woman and describe the literature review on this rare condition, including pathophysiology and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-246240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T12:16:39Z","timestamp":1651839399000},"page":"e246240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ekta","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Zill-E-Huma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Demertzidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000157357.15401.c3"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2018.07.04","article-title":"Acute non-traumatic adrenal haemorrhage-management, pathology and clinical outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2017.03.020","article-title":"Nontraumatic adrenal hemorrhage: the adrenal stress","volume":"12","author":"Di Serafino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-009-0014-y"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anagnostopoulos A , Sharma S . Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy. BMJ Case Reports 2011:1\u20133.doi:10.1136\/bcr.07.2011.4496","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.07.2011.4496"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy: a case series","volume":"2017","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013329","article-title":"Spontaneous adrenal hematoma in pregnancy: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008062"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spontaneous unilateral adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Kadhem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.10","unstructured":"American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologist . Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation, 2017."},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.12.2.71.27571"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.4.g99jl13949"},{"key":"2025082801034539000_15.5.e246240.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diri H , Baryam F , Simsek Y . A pregnant woman who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy due to Cushing\u2019s Syndrome. Case Rep Endocrinol 2014;283458.doi:10.1155\/2014\/283458","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/283458"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-246240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:03:54Z","timestamp":1756368234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-246240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-246240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-246240","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}