{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:30:35Z","timestamp":1761845435563,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sacral spinal cord ependymoma is an uncommon pathology. Most of the reported cases are consistent with a myxopapillary ependymoma histopathologic subtype. Non-myxopapillary ependymomas rarely occur in the sacral region. Most lesions are intradural; however, rare extradural cases can occur. We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with a grade II sacral extradural ependymoma, emphasising the importance of an interdepartmental case approach for diagnosis and management. Even though grade II ependymomas are considered low grade, the potential for recurrence and metastatic disease has been reported. There are no treatment guidelines for these rare tumours besides gross total resection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-246540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T11:26:18Z","timestamp":1636457178000},"page":"e246540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rare sacral extradural grade II ependymoma: a comprehensive review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ricardo J","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Amaral-Nieves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"De Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil A","family":"Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710363750000_14.11.e246540.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106"},{"key":"2025082710363750000_14.11.e246540.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12866"},{"key":"2025082710363750000_14.11.e246540.3","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prognosis by tumor location in adults with spinal ependymomas","volume":"18","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025082710363750000_14.11.e246540.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350545","article-title":"Case report 435: Myxopapillary ependymoma of filum terminale with massive bone destruction of sacrum","volume":"16","author":"Matsuno","year":"1987","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2025082710363750000_14.11.e246540.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00724917","article-title":"Extraspinal ependymoma in the sacrococcygeal region. 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