{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:02:08Z","timestamp":1756425728925,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant cell myositis (GCM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy associated with myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Here, we report on a woman in her late 50s with a history of myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus and stage IV thymoma with pleural metastases, who presented with proximal weakness, neuromuscular respiratory failure and hypercalcaemia. She was diagnosed with GCM via muscle biopsy and screened for myocarditis but showed no evidence of myocardial involvement. Her hypercalcaemia was consistent with a granulomatous process, likely driven by her GCM. Her strength gradually improved, and her hypercalcaemia did not recur after treatment with high dose steroids, intravenous immune globulin and plasma exchange. Her course was complicated by several opportunistic infections in the setting of her immunosuppression. Despite the high morbidity associated with GCM, she demonstrated clinical improvement after initiating immunosuppressive therapy and continues to be managed in the outpatient setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-246688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T11:25:14Z","timestamp":1654514714000},"page":"e246688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Giant cell myositis associated with metastatic thymoma and granulomatous hypercalcaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7878-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calixto-Hope G","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara C","family":"LaHue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0227-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley A","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.1","first-page":"302-306","article-title":"Giant cell myositis and myocarditis revisited","volume":"39","author":"Oflazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Myol"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05619-5","article-title":"Giant cell myositis associated with concurrent myasthenia gravis: a case-based review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Scangarello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2011.501","article-title":"Thymoma associated with fatal myocarditis and polymyositis in a 58-year-old man following treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318295d6f4"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.5.531"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.09.035"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362603","article-title":"Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis \u2014 natural history and treatment","volume":"336","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2025082722241841000_15.6.e246688.8","unstructured":"Tanahashi N , Sato H , Nogawa S , et al . 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