{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:55:45Z","timestamp":1760028945148,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a case of piriformis syndrome in a woman in her 30\u2019s following low energy trauma, presenting with unilateral lower limb weakness, altered sensation and urinary retention. CT imaging revealed a bulky piriformis muscle which was further clarified on MRI as an intramuscular haematoma within the left piriformis causing compression of the left lumbosacral plexus. Haematoma formation was exacerbated due to use of an antiplatelet medication the patient was taking for Moyamoya disease, which carries an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident. Surgical exploration of the piriformis and sciatic nerve was undertaken and confirmed a haematoma within the piriformis. A full release of the piriformis tendon was undertaken, and the sciatic nerve was inspected, no further abnormality was found. After review in clinic post-discharge, the patient reported normal sensation and normal muscle power in her feet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-247988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T11:06:59Z","timestamp":1646219219000},"page":"e247988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Piriformis syndrome as a result of intramuscular haematoma mimicking cauda equina effectively treated with piriformis tendon release"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9527-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Robert William","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanai","family":"Garala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Dos Remedios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20893"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-5-3","article-title":"Anatomical, clinical and electrical observations in piriformis syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Jawish","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.3","article-title":"Composite anatomical variations between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle: a Nepalese cadaveric study","volume":"2020","author":"Jha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.4","unstructured":"Brandon LH , Jason CL , Matthew V . Piriformis syndrome StatPearls, 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK448172\/"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2011.24.2.93","article-title":"Piriformis syndrome in knee osteoarthritis patients after wearing rocker bottom shoes","volume":"24","author":"Byeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B6.10474"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lodin J , Bru\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1 \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nka , Kachl\u00edk D , et al . Acute piriformis syndrome mimicking cauda equina syndrome: illustrative case. J Neurosurg 2021;2.doi:10.3171\/CASE21252","DOI":"10.3171\/CASE21252"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050115","article-title":"Haematoma of the piriformis muscle simulating a giant presacral tumour: unusual case of lumbosacral radiculopathy","volume":"140","author":"Katati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.79.478","article-title":"Chronic expanding hematoma extending over multiple gluteal muscles associated with piriformis syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.10","article-title":"Gluteal compartment syndrome secondary to pelvic trauma","volume":"2016","author":"Diaz Dilernia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.11","first-page":"25","article-title":"Gluteal compartment syndrome due to prolonged immobilization after alcohol intoxication: a case report","volume":"36","author":"Iizuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.12","article-title":"Sciatic nerve injury secondary to a gluteal compartment syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Hanandeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.13","first-page":"823","article-title":"The gluteal compartment syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.14","unstructured":"Chintan R , Forshing L . Moyamoya disease, 2021."},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12926","article-title":"Risk factors for bleeding and clinical ineffectiveness associated with clopidogrel therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"2025082712144558000_15.3.e247988.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2018.03.017","article-title":"Endoscopic release of the piriformis tendon and sciatic nerve exploration by the lateral decubitus approach through an incision on the Iliotibial band","volume":"7","author":"Ilizaliturri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-247988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T19:14:56Z","timestamp":1756322096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-247988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-247988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-247988","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}