{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:29:10Z","timestamp":1777483750197,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe a case of a girl in a remote and rural location in Scotland with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect and orthodontic appliances, who developed right-sided infective endocarditis from <jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic> due to abrasion of the oral mucosa from the arch wire following its adjustment in the dental clinic.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Fitting and adjustment of orthodontic appliances are not considered to be high-risk dental procedures and antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended even for patients at highest risk for infective endocarditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-248349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T11:07:41Z","timestamp":1646219261000},"page":"e248349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Streptococcus mitis<\/i> infective endocarditis in a patient with ventricular septal defect and orthodontic appliances"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Amorgianos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, NHS Shetland, Lerwick, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Adult Congenital Cardiac Service, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151908","article-title":"StreptoBase: an oral Streptococcus mitis group genomic resource and analysis platform","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2010.00601.x"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.01.002","article-title":"Global and regional burden of infective endocarditis, 1990-2010: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Bin Abdulhak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2660-6","article-title":"The causative agents in infective endocarditis: a systematic review comprising 33,214 cases","volume":"35","author":"Vogkou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.8","unstructured":"Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme . Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis Implementation Advice. SDCEP [Internet]. [cited October 2020], 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.sdcep.org.uk\/published-guidance\/antibiotic-prophylaxis\/"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.9","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Overview Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing intervention procedures. NICE [Internet]. [cited October 2020], 2008. Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg64"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.03.027","article-title":"Infective endocarditis and orthodontic implications in children: a review of the literature","volume":"157","author":"Vandersluis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.4.443"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516663"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011260","article-title":"Viridans streptococcal infective endocarditis associated with fixed orthodontic appliance managed surgically by mitral valve plasty: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Birlutiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025082713000400000_15.3.e248349.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.4.363"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-248349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T20:00:14Z","timestamp":1756324814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-248349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2021-248349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-248349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}