{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:14:37Z","timestamp":1782738877858,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour emerging from the syncytiotrophoblast divided into gestational and non-gestational presentations. Primary choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum is rare. Metastases to the brain often occur; however, brainstem involvement has not been reported for non-gestational choriocarcinoma. We described a middle-aged man who developed a complete left oculomotor nerve paralysis secondary to a brainstem tumour at the midbrain. The workup for the primary source of the brainstem tumour included a chest CT scan, which revealed a mediastinal mass. A mediastinal mass needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, the patient died 6\u2009months after the initial presentation from neurological complications and multiorgan failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-248389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T11:53:00Z","timestamp":1648813980000},"page":"e248389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Primary non-gestational mediastinal choriocarcinoma metastatic to the brainstem"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Orlando","family":"De Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel E","family":"Pellot Cestero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e1n","family":"V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710332234000_15.4.e248389.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.42","article-title":"Primary extragenital choriocarcinoma in posterior mediastinum in a male adult: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025082710332234000_15.4.e248389.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S62561","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 13 males with primary choriocarcinoma and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"2025082710332234000_15.4.e248389.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1570","article-title":"Intracranial choriocarcinoma occurrence in males: two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2025082710332234000_15.4.e248389.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199709000-00004","article-title":"Primary mediastinal choriocarcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eight cases","volume":"21","author":"Moran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2025082710332234000_15.4.e248389.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90167-5","article-title":"Primary extragenital choriocarcinoma in the male subject. 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