{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T12:39:25Z","timestamp":1780835965622,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Closantel is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent. It is a veterinary drug used only in animals\u2014usually cattle, sheep and goats. A man in his 60s accidentally ingested approximately 1500\u2009mg closantel. His visual acuity deteriorated. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed disruption of the outer retinal layers. Electroretinography identified abnormalities in macula and inner retinal function. He received methylprednisolone 1\u2009g daily intravenously for 3\u2009days. Improvements in both his visual acuity and OCT appearance followed. This case illustrates the profoundly destructive effect of this drug on humans even when consumed in low dose. We provide a concise summary of the small number of cases of closantel toxicity in humans, previously reported, for future reference as needed by others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-249626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T10:05:18Z","timestamp":1675937118000},"page":"e249626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Closantel toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eimear","family":"O Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gasior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"McElnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v70i2.756","article-title":"The pharmacology of halogenated salicylanilides and their anthelmintic use in animals","volume":"70","author":"Swan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930821"},{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0387-x","article-title":"Closantel; a veterinary drug with potential severe morbidity in humans","volume":"16","author":"Tabatabaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.4","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives . Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food: thirty-sixth report of the joint FAO\/WHO expert committee on food additives. 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Blindness following closantel poisoning: report of three cases. In: XXXIII International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT). Copenhagen, Denmark: Clin Toxicol (Phila), 2013: 28\u201331."},{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2070_18","article-title":"Reversible blindness in a patient with closantel toxicity","volume":"67","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082712505922000_16.2.e249626.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghods S , Khalili Pour E , Riazi-Esfahani H , et al . Closantel retinal toxicity: case report and literature review. 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