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MRI of the brain revealed extensive confluent T2 hyperintense signal throughout the cerebral white matter, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. Given these findings and persistent ataxia, lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) meningoencephalitis panel was positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), prompting a diagnosis of CMV encephalitis. Since CMV almost always occurs in the setting of immunocompromise, the patient was screened for HIV and found to be positive with a CD4 count of 22. He was treated with ganciclovir 5\u2009mg\/kg\/dose intravenously every 12 hours, with resolution of all symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-249902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T11:34:33Z","timestamp":1661859273000},"page":"e249902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Atypical presentation and diagnosis of AIDS-related CMV encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Erick","family":"Kawegere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside, Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside, Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301578"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100010091026"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00008"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.4","unstructured":"Cytomegalovirus disease: NIH . 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Encephalitis in Immunocompromised Patients. In: Viral encephalitis in humans. ASM Press, 2003: 221\u201336.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817831"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216050-00003"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2016.03.004"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manji H , Jager HR , Winston A . Hiv, dementia and antiretroviral drugs: 30 years of an epidemic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021.doi:10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304022","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304022"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.4.346"},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.13","unstructured":"United States Preventive Services Taskforce . Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Screening. Recommendation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening; 2019. https:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/uspstf\/recommendation\/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening [Accessed 10 Nov 2021]."},{"key":"2025082723244632000_15.8.e249902.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152910"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-249902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T06:24:53Z","timestamp":1756362293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-249902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2022-249902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-249902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}}}