{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:44:37Z","timestamp":1784133877958,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intravascular tumour extension can occur in many different types of cancer. Those with the highest tendency include renal cell carcinoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inferior vena cava (IVC) tumour thrombus in gynaecological malignancy is rarely reported. We present a report on a female patient with extensive IVC tumour thrombus (intravenous leiomyomatosis) with concurrent intrauterine leiomyomatosis. She underwent a single-stage procedure, involving laparotomy and a sternotomy to remove her pelvic tumour, as well as the intracaval and intracardiac thrombus. The clinical presentation and management of this rare tumour will be detailed in this case report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-250261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T11:55:11Z","timestamp":1660218911000},"page":"e250261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Single-stage inferior vena caval intravenous leiomyomatosis excision"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1451-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthigesu","family":"Aimanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital Serdang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kean Leong","family":"Koay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital Serdang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firdaus","family":"Hayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafizan Mohd","family":"Tajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital Serdang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.04.017","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathological analysis of nine cases and literature review","volume":"56","author":"Low","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-6806.103122","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"18","author":"Mariyappa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Niger J Surg"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(94)90237-2","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"20","author":"Grella","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-197403000-00002","article-title":"Intimal vascular lesions associated with female reproductive steroids","volume":"29","author":"IREY","year":"1974","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OP.20.00666","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.00666","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: a rare diagnosis with aggressive potential","volume":"17","author":"Florou","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233341","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: the first reported case of intraoperative intracaval embolisation of tumour to the right atrium","volume":"13","author":"Corbett","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082804371687000_15.8.e250261.7","first-page":"2164","article-title":"Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus","volume":"36","author":"Norris","year":"1975","journal-title":"V. 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