{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:35:02Z","timestamp":1787016902375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the case of a woman in her late 20s who consulted our gynaecology emergency department due to dyspareunia and vaginal penetration issues. She had undergone a \u2018virginity reconstruction\u2019 procedure 10 days before her wedding in Africa. Clinical examination revealed suture of the inferior part of inner labia (labia minora), narrowing of the vaginal introitus and abnormal vaginal discharge. We performed an inferior defibulation procedure and removed the sutures under general anaesthesia. Postoperative care included systemic metronidazole, counselling, vaginal dilators and topical estrogens for 1\u2009month. There were no complications during the postoperative follow-up, and a month later, the woman confirmed a satisfactory outcome. The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of so-called \u2018virginity reconstruction\u2019, currently classified among female cosmetic genital surgeries despite being very similar to what is defined as female genital mutilation, and the care that can be provided to women in such cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-251008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1696506910000},"page":"e251008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Complications of hymenoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Margherita","family":"Pace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Broquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisse","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Abdulcadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0319-0","article-title":"Virginity testing: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Olson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15887","article-title":"Hymen and virginity: what every paediatrician should know","volume":"58","author":"Moussaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0731-8","article-title":"The little tissue that couldn't - Dispelling myths about the hymen\u2019s role in determining sexual history and assault","volume":"16","author":"Mishori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.649866"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1525\/ae.1991.18.4.02a00050","article-title":"Status, property, and the value on virginity","volume":"18","author":"Schlegel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Ethnol"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70331-0"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00339-3"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.3.310","article-title":"Examination findings in legally confirmed child sexual abuse: it\u2019s normal to be normal","volume":"94","author":"Adams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.228"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.829"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0230"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123101"},{"key":"2025082708372478000_16.10.e251008.13","unstructured":"Brochmann N , Dahl ES , Moffatt L , et al . 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