{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T22:47:00Z","timestamp":1772578020094,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrocephalus is a known complication of central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis secondary to infectious diseases. We present an unusual case of primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) complicated by communicating hydrocephalus. A patient in their 50s with a few months\u2019 history of headache, psychomotor slowing and frequent falls presented with an acute left temporo-parieto-occipital infarction. Angiography revealed multiple arterial irregularities in the anterior circulation bilaterally, CSF was inflammatory and the remaining study was negative, fulfilling criteria for possible PCNSV. One month after successful treatment with corticosteroid, there was worsening of gait, urinary incontinence and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The investigation was remarkable only for active hydrocephalus. An external ventricular shunt was placed, followed by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and cyclophosphamide was started with subsequent recovery. Our discussion is that communicating hydrocephalus in PCNSV, due to impaired CSF flow, should be considered on subacute\/chronic worsening of patients with PCNSV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-253187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:20:14Z","timestamp":1682688014000},"page":"e253187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hydrocephalus: a rare complication of primary central nervous system vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6616-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Taipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel Fonseca","family":"Sam\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002002"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard JM . Central nervous system tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2017;5. doi:10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0044-2017","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0044-2017"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"2017","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaines N , Cen S , Sanossian N , et al . Abstract WP181: CNS vasculitis in the United States: demographics and complications. Stroke 2018;49.(Suppl_1) doi:10.1161\/str.49.suppl_1.WP181","DOI":"10.1161\/str.49.suppl_1.WP181"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199812000-00126"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-017-0917-x","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune diseases complicated with hydrocephalus: pathogenesis and management","volume":"42","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"2025082803593946000_16.4.e253187.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978703800811"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:59:48Z","timestamp":1756378788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2022-253187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}