{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:52:09Z","timestamp":1783403529760,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>IgM monoclonal gammopathies such as IgM myeloma and Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinaemia are distinct haematological conditions; however, differentiating between these entities can often present as a challenge.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In this review, we explore the challenging diagnosis and treatment of IgM myeloma in a patient presenting with unexplained macrocytic anaemia, elevated serum protein and IgM levels in the absence of t(11;14) and lytic bone lesions that are classically associated with the diagnosis of IgM myeloma. The diagnosis was established based on 40% monoclonal plasma cell population on a bone marrow biopsy, gain of 1q21 on fluorescence in situ hybridisation, cyclin D1 positivity and absence of MYD88 mutation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-253328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:28:31Z","timestamp":1704846511000},"page":"e253328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Challenging diagnosis of IgM multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basem","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimala","family":"Thalody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Mehdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(05)80602-2","article-title":"My\u00e9lome \u00c0 IgM: 6 observations et Revue de la Litt\u00e9rature","volume":"11","author":"Gramont","year":"1990","journal-title":"La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24753","article-title":"IgM myeloma: a multicenter retrospective study of 134 patients","volume":"92","author":"Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06969.x"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21845"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.6","first-page":"100527","article-title":"Current approach to Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia","volume":"31","author":"Ravi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res Commun"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02380-2","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M (IgM) multiple myeloma versus Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options: two case reports","volume":"14","author":"Elba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-001-0420-9","article-title":"IgM myeloma: a report of four cases","volume":"81","author":"Dierlamm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.09.008","article-title":"IgM plasma cell myeloma in the era of novel therapy: a clinicopathological study of 17 cases","volume":"84","author":"Angelova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.005","article-title":"IgM myeloma with t(4;14)(P16;Q32)","volume":"162","author":"Ackroyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.11","article-title":"Biclonal IgD and IgM plasma cell myeloma: a report of two cases and a literature review","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.12","first-page":"72","article-title":"IgM myeloma or Waldenstrom\u2019s macroglobulinemia- is the big question?","volume":"9","author":"Bhatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"key":"2025082703544049000_17.1.e253328.13","unstructured":"Saurabh Chhabra SJ , Fowler A , Sedov V , et al . 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