{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:03:28Z","timestamp":1756425808929,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of mucormycosis showed a sharp rise during the COVID-19 pandemic in vulnerable populations like people with diabetes. Here, we report a case of mucormycosis of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses in a man in his mid-50s with a background of diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 infection requiring steroids and oxygen support. The infection had remained persistent despite initial debridement by functional endoscopic sinus surgery of the anterior frontal sinus wall and re-exploration, followed by debridement using the brow incision. The patient had received an entire course of systemic antifungal therapy during the postoperative period. A bifrontal craniotomy, excision of the supraorbital ridge and complete removal of bilateral frontal sinuses managed the persistent fungal infection. The defect was reconstructed with a custom-made three-dimensional-printed MRI-compatible titanium cranioplasty mesh. The patient had no signs of infection on the 9-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-253808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T12:20:11Z","timestamp":1694780411000},"page":"e253808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconstructive cranial surgery for invasive and non-responsive mucormycosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preetham","family":"Dange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazrin","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-otology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-otology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ved Prakash","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.127663","article-title":"Necrosis of maxilla, nasal, and frontal bone secondary to extensive rhino-cerebral mucormycosis","volume":"4","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030223","article-title":"The spectrum of invasive fungal sinusitis in COVID-19 patients","volume":"8","author":"Baghel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2001.00656.x"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.4","unstructured":"Sugar AM . In. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R(eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases. New York, USA: Churchill Livingstone, 2000."},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mucormycosis: an update","volume":"6","author":"Skiada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020046","article-title":"Mucormycosis: battle with the deadly enemy over a five-year period in India","volume":"4","author":"Chander","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026","article-title":"Global epidemiology of Mucormycosis","volume":"5","author":"Prakash","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107842","article-title":"Worldwide estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: results from the International diabetes Federation diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.10.015","article-title":"Mucormycosis of the head and neck: report of five cases with different presentations","volume":"40","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ballester","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIAA1298"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00462-9"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1165_21","article-title":"Code Mucor: guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and management of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in the setting of COVID-19","volume":"69","author":"Honavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.12.009","article-title":"Skull vault destruction after rhinocerebral mucormycosis","volume":"78","author":"Honeybul","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5","article-title":"Management challenge of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in covid 19 era: a prospective observational study","volume":"74","author":"Pippal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2025082801514278000_16.9.e253808.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European confederation of medical mycology in cooperation with the mycoses study group education and research consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:51:51Z","timestamp":1756371111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2022-253808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-253808","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}}}