{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:41:36Z","timestamp":1768639296890,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a case of a previously healthy female in her fourties presenting with a subacute presentation of bilateral horizontal gaze restriction, with bilateral lower motor facial palsy. The patient\u2019s daughter has type 1 diabetes. On investigation, the patient\u2019s MRI revealed a lesion in the dorsal medial pons. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytological dissociation, with a negative autoimmune panel. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone for a total of 5 days and showed mild improvement. The patient had raised serum antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) levels, and the final diagnosis of GAD seropositive brain stem encephalitis was made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-254026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T07:55:13Z","timestamp":1678434913000},"page":"e254026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antiglutamate acid decarboxylase seropositive brain stem encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Faye","family":"AlAbdulghafoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Behbehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Ibn-Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Johar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Kuwait, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Alroughani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6986-z"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20653"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25131"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121364","article-title":"Antibodies to inhibitory synaptic proteins in neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Gresa-Arribas","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.12.052"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1207"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.150628","article-title":"Limbic encephalitis with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase presenting with brainstem symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Incecik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawit S , Okazaki E , Grill M . Isolated dysarthria due to immune-mediated brainstem encephalitis associated with anti-glutamate acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies. Neurology 2019.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.P2.2-038"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(91)90036-Z"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132970","article-title":"Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis: an illustrative case and a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Zoghaib","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2014-000076","article-title":"Presence of anti-GAD in a non-diabetic population of adults; time dynamics and clinical influence: results from the HUNT study","volume":"3","author":"S\u00f8rgjerd","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"2025082802372793000_16.3.e254026.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000696","article-title":"Neurologic syndromes related to anti-GAD65: clinical and serologic response to treatment","volume":"7","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Lopetegi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-254026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:37:32Z","timestamp":1756373852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-254026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2022-254026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-254026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}