{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:03:56Z","timestamp":1756425836755,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that presents with respiratory symptoms, with or without systemic symptoms, following exposure to an identified or unidentified external factor. It can be caused by extrinsic factors including household items such as ultrasonic humidifiers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We present an intriguing case of a previously healthy 50-year-old man who displayed recurrent episodes of progressive dyspnoea and fever after repeated exposure to his household ultrasonic humidifier. He was treated with corticosteroids, followed by the removal of the humidifier, resulting in total recovery and absence of recurrence of further episodes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The clinical presentation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be dramatic, and the differential diagnosis is broad. The correct diagnosis is achieved by combining clinical, radiological and histopathological patterns. The key to finding the aetiology lies in a thorough history, with an important role for household investigations to identify the external factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-255445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T13:06:27Z","timestamp":1695733587000},"page":"e255445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent episodes of febrile dyspnoea: hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by a household ultrasonic humidifier"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Karun","family":"Kurian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Simonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Jura, Del\u00e9mont, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Colomb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Medical Practitioner, Courroux, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2255-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Duplain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Jura, Del\u00e9mont, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803465003000_16.9.e255445.1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"25","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082803465003000_16.9.e255445.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201611-2201PP"},{"key":"2025082803465003000_16.9.e255445.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2032ST"},{"key":"2025082803465003000_16.9.e255445.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70191-7","article-title":"Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis in patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective case-cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Morell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025082803465003000_16.9.e255445.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ono M , Nagatomo Y , Kinoshita H , et al . 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Humidifier lung induced by endotoxin and various pathogens: characteristic differences from other phenotypes of hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. 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