{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T20:40:05Z","timestamp":1756327205053,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common congenital infections. We present a case of an infant who presented with respiratory distress since birth with a normal antenatal history. The infant had bilateral pleural effusion. He was malnourished with a small head. Chest auscultation revealed bilateral diffuse crepitation. The chest radiograph showed diffuse haziness with the interstitial pattern. Contrast-enhanced CT of the thorax showed diffuse areas of ground glass opacities with peribronchial thickening and patchy atelectasis in bilateral lower lobes. Detailed evaluation showed positive IgM CMV antibodies with &gt;1000 copies\/mL of CMV on urinary PCR. Hearing evaluation revealed bilateral moderate hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This case emphasises that CMV may present as pneumonitis at birth. Early diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance in such cases, as it can prevent permanent end-organ damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-257992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T23:45:14Z","timestamp":1737503114000},"page":"e257992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congenital cytomegalovirus pneumonia presents as pleural effusion in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Rajvanshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3644-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taruna","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prawin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagdish Prasad","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Recurrent and nonresolving pneumonia in children","volume":"8","author":"Wald","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.794207"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.007"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35-10-417"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1176-9"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.3390\/v6052038","article-title":"Characterization of cytomegalovirus lung infection in non-HIV infected children","volume":"6","author":"Restrepo-Gualteros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.048769"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/293285","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection manifesting as neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension: report of two cases","volume":"2011","author":"Walter-Nicolet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2017.577","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis and Treatment Response Evaluation Using Viral Load during Ganciclovir Therapy: a Case Report","volume":"71","author":"Lee-Yoshimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802609767"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2000.1.2.73","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in ten non-AIDS immunocompromised patients","volume":"1","author":"Moon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2025082713222213000_18.1.e257992.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100182","article-title":"Comparison of detection strategies for screening and confirming congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns in a highly seroprevalent population: a mother-child cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - 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