{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:06:32Z","timestamp":1766138792017,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticancer immunotherapies modulate the body\u2019s immune system to recognise and eradicate cancerous cells. However, stimulation of the body\u2019s immune system can also lead to a number of adverse effects when those immune cells target non-cancerous cells in the form of autoimmunity. One relatively common example of this off-target action is colitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We present three patients who presented atypically with colitis, consequently, leading to a delayed diagnosis. These cases highlight the diverse ways a relatively common immune-related adverse event can present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-258940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T12:55:26Z","timestamp":1721652926000},"page":"e258940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune-related colitis presenting with constipation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Malkopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sooraj","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Dzienis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200500044","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Schuster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12153","article-title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non\u2013small cell lung cancer: state of the art","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.3","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing Australian Government . 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Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 5.0. national cancer institute. Bethesda (MD); 2017. Available: https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocolDevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm#ctc_50 [Accessed 12 Apr 2023]."},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.001"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01440"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102440","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea and colitis: incidence and management. a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709684"},{"key":"2025082711474877000_17.7.e258940.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masuda K , Shoji H , Nagashima K , et al . 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