{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:07:02Z","timestamp":1756339622653,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinomycosis is a rare endogenous infection characterised by indolent progression, contiguous spreading, abscess formation and draining sinuses. Here, we present a case of <jats:italic>Schaalia odontolytica<\/jats:italic> causing a mediastinal abscess that is unique in its acuity and location. Our patient presented with worsening dysphagia, and CT of her chest revealed a new mass in the posterior mediastinum displacing the oesophagus. Oesophagram revealed mild motility disorder, but no masses or ulcers within the oesophagus. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound revealed extrinsic compression of the oesophagus. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass yielded purulent fluid, which was cultured. A single colony of <jats:italic>S. odontolytica<\/jats:italic> was isolated. Initially, medical treatment was favoured, but as she developed worsening dysphagia, the abscess was drained. She continued on long-term antibiotic therapy after drainage and had complete resolution of the abscess at 1 year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-258996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T22:35:23Z","timestamp":1718750123000},"page":"e258996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mediastinal actinomycosis masquerading as a mass: a case of progressive dysphagia in an immunocompromised patient"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1412-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawood","family":"Shehzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawlat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiannan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad Abu","family":"Sitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.130"},{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2021.102078","article-title":"Enlightening clinical and therapeutic heterogeneity in thoracic actinomycosis: a review in bronchiectasis and non-bronchiectasis patients","volume":"71","author":"Cardoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.04.009","article-title":"Pulmonary actinomycosis presenting as post-obstructive pneumonia","volume":"48","author":"Kassab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.4","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological aspects of sigmoid Actinomycosis; a case report and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Zamani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S39601"},{"key":"2025082712363885000_17.6.e258996.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branquinho DF , Andrade DR , Almeida N , et al . 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