{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:16:23Z","timestamp":1785370583523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Passenger lymphocyte syndrome is an immunologic disorder observed in solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which B lymphocytes within a donor graft are transferred to the recipient and subsequently produce circulating antibodies against host red blood cell antigens. The syndrome is most likely to occur in minor ABO blood group mismatched or Rh incompatible transplantation. Although generally mild and self-limited, the resulting haemolytic burden has the potential to increase the risk of infection, graft failure and death. The phenomenon is observed in the transplantation of any solid organ with lymphoid tissue, including the liver. We present a structured case report of passenger lymphocyte syndrome following minor ABO-mismatched liver transplantation, which was initially complicated by blood loss anaemia early in the postoperative period. By reviewing the limited literature of this disorder following liver transplantation, we emphasise common clinical findings and treatment strategies as well as introduce chimerism analysis to confirm resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-259259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T12:01:58Z","timestamp":1709812918000},"page":"e259259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Passenger lymphocyte syndrome following minor ABO-mismatched liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Mathavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Krekora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Chase","family":"Kleehammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3850-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Mathavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2020.06.004","article-title":"Passenger lymphocyte syndrome; a review of the diagnosis, treatment, and proposed detection protocol","volume":"34","author":"Moosavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198111000-00012"},{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfn023","article-title":"Alloimmune Haemolysis in a renal transplant recipient receiving sirolimus","volume":"1","author":"Hedley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Kidney Journal"},{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.4","first-page":"200","article-title":"Passenger lymphocyte syndrome: a forgotten cause of Postliver transplant jaundice and anemia","volume":"13","author":"Peck JR","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant"},{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2016.00072","article-title":"Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS): A single-center retrospective analysis of minor ABO-incompatible liver transplants","volume":"5","author":"de Bruijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"2025082803460358000_17.3.e259259.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R S , Neelima DK , et al . 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