{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:11:41Z","timestamp":1767849101585,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe a case of brucellosis in a man in his 20s, who presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of fevers, dry cough and knee pain. Blood cultures were positive after 55 hours and <jats:italic>Ochrobactrum daejeonense<\/jats:italic> was identified on matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionisation time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. <jats:italic>Ochrobactrum<\/jats:italic> spp are Gram-negative organisms that are phylogenetically related to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp but commercially available MALDI-TOF libraries cannot distinguish between the two genera. Further positive blood cultures for <jats:italic>O. daejeonense<\/jats:italic> combined with characteristic growth patterns for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp led to targeted questioning of the patient regarding potential exposure risks, which revealed a history of consumption of unpasteurised camel milk in the Middle East 3 months earlier. Treatment of brucellosis was initiated and subsequent whole genome sequencing identified the blood culture isolate as <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic> confirming the diagnosis of brucellosis. This case highlights the challenges in the diagnosis of brucellosis in low-incidence settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-260072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T03:55:27Z","timestamp":1718855727000},"page":"e260072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Misidentification of <i>Brucella melitensis<\/i> as <i>Ochrobactrum<\/i> species: potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fergal","family":"Howley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Abukhodair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eoghan","family":"de Barra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franc KA , Krecek RC , H\u00e4sler BN , et al . Brucellosis remains a neglected disease in the developing world: a call for Interdisciplinary action. BMC Public Health 2018;18. doi:10.1186\/s12889-017-5016-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-5016-y"},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230052","article-title":"Global estimate of human brucellosis incidence","volume":"29","author":"Laine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.3","unstructured":"Health Protection and Surveillance Centre . Brucellosis fact sheet. 2010. Available: https:\/\/www.hpsc.ie\/a-z\/zoonotic\/brucellosis\/factsheet\/ [Accessed 18 Jan 2024]."},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.4","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control . Brucellosis. In: In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2020. 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Release Notes MBT Compass Library Revision L. 2020."},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2023.1.0050","article-title":"Genetic comparison of Brucella Spp. and Ochrobactrum Spp. erroneously included into the genus Brucella CONFIRMS separate genera","volume":"3","author":"Holzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ger J Vet Res"},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00438-23","article-title":"If you're not confused, you're not paying attention: Ochrobactrum is not Brucella","volume":"61","author":"Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008164","article-title":"Occupational exposure to Brucella Spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025082723533174000_17.6.e260072.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Bonaventura G , Angeletti S , Ianni A , et al . Microbiological laboratory diagnosis of human brucellosis: an overview. 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