{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:02:32Z","timestamp":1756339352435,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>True human tails, a rare and perplexing congenital phenomenon, continue to intrigue medical practitioners due to their complex aetiology. A male term neonate presented to our paediatric surgery department with a true tail arising from the left lumbosacral region. The antenatal period was uneventful, and the neonate exhibited normal development and vital parameters. Clinical examination revealed a tail-like structure covered by normal skin, devoid of spontaneous movements or bony elements. Neurological assessments and ultrasound examinations showed no associated abnormalities. The patient\u2019s family history included a sibling with hypospadias. This case adds to the limited literature on true tails and highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and management of such rare anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-260351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T07:56:16Z","timestamp":1723449376000},"page":"e260351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caudal appendage in infant: diagnostic approach of the true tail"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gulshat","family":"Bilyalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u21162, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuldyz","family":"Zhumadilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u21162, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kulyash","family":"Jaxalykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u21162, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aygul","family":"Turgumbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases with Courses in Gastrology, Pulmonology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4103\/JPN.JPN_74_17","article-title":"A Rare Case of \u201cHuman Tail\u201d Associated with Lipomyelomeningocele and Tethered Cord","volume":"13","author":"Canaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811428006"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80079-9"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9261.91082","article-title":"Spectrum of human tails: a report of six cases","volume":"17","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198804000-00009"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00046-0"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3208-x"},{"key":"2025082623260198000_17.8.e260351.8","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Johns Hopkins Hosp. 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