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Brain biopsy was undertaken along with PCR testing on tissue detected <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Cerebral toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic histology and negative EBV immunohistochemistry. This case demonstrates the difficulties and complexities in reaching a diagnosis in immunocompromised patients and the importance of brain biopsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-260412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T13:50:43Z","timestamp":1727185843000},"page":"e260412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disseminated toxoplasmosis infection 20 years post kidney transplant"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6294-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun","family":"Chandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Sundac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Kidney Transplant Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1483721","article-title":"Management of toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients: an update","volume":"16","author":"Dard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000188183.49025.d5"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2022.60.1.35","article-title":"Delayed Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in a Kidney Transplant Patient: a Case Report","volume":"60","author":"Myeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13880","article-title":"Isolated cerebral toxoplasmosis 17 years post renal transplant","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfr139"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2007.00244.x"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.38.556"},{"key":"2025082700231418000_17.9.e260412.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.903-925.2004"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-260412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1756279402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-260412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2024-260412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-260412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}}}