{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:53:14Z","timestamp":1761745994252,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Very preterm birth and treatment in neonatal intensive care cause stress early in life of the infant and may subsequently lead to psychological and behavioural traumas. Previous studies show positive outcomes of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on trauma in children in general. This case report describes two girls that were born at very premature age (with birth weights of approximately 1000\u2009g). They required intensive treatment in the neonatal intensive care. In early childhood, they presented with selective mutism (SM). We treated them with EMDR therapy because we hypothesised that trauma from the postnatal period had caused post-traumatic stress disorder. The EMDR therapy resulted in a long-lasting improvement in speech, social skills and communication. This is the first case report of development of SM in ex-premature infants that were treated with EMDR therapy in early childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-260548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T01:35:20Z","timestamp":1729820120000},"page":"e260548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in preterm children with selective mutism"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Coby","family":"Mesman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Van Der Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fien","family":"Spijker-Verkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Erik","family":"Bunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0634","article-title":"Biological and Environmental Predictors of Behavioral Sequelae in Children Born Preterm","volume":"125","author":"Conrad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12142"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.10.007","article-title":"Factors affecting body composition in preterm infants: Assessment techniques and nutritional interventions","volume":"60","author":"Strydom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.10.032"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.06.365","article-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents of Premature Birth Neonates","volume":"82","author":"Gangi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.5.F400"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963099004990"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03060901","article-title":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (emdr) bij kinderen en adolescenten","volume":"25","author":"Beer","year":"2004","journal-title":"KIAD"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030265","article-title":"Abnormal cortical development after premature birth shown by altered allometric scaling of brain growth","volume":"3","author":"Kapellou","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . American Psychiatric Association: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). 5th edn. 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200208000-00012"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-015-0181-y"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1110-7","article-title":"Treatment of selective mutism: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"Oerbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000627","article-title":"A Case of Asperger Syndrome With Comorbidity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Selective Mutism: Significant Remission With the Combination of Aripiprazole and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing","volume":"37","author":"Ipci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.09.009"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/13-097"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13882"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002007","article-title":"The effectiveness of psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"John-Baptiste Bastien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01750","article-title":"Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Children and Adolescent with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"8","author":"Moreno-Alc\u00e1zar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025082622544121000_17.10.e260548.20","unstructured":"Lovett J . Small wonders: healing childhood trauma with EMDR. The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. 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