{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:37:08Z","timestamp":1789029428355,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the gallbladder associated with complications such as perforation, dense adhesions and fistulation. We present a case of a female patient in her 20s who presented with three episodes of recurrent cholecystitis over 3\u2009months. Her medical history included an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiasis. As there was no possibility of performing an urgent cholecystectomy during her initial admission, she was listed for an elective operation. Laparoscopic inspection revealed a pericholecystic mass involving the omentum, transverse colon, duodenum and liver and findings suspicious of a cholecystoappendiceal fistula. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendicectomy were performed. Early index admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed in patients with acute cholecystitis to prevent higher grades of operative difficulty and associated complications. This case presentation\u2014cholecystoappendiceal fistula associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis\u2014emphasises the necessity of complying with national guidelines in managing acute calculous cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-260954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T22:30:48Z","timestamp":1724970648000},"page":"e260954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cholecystoappendiceal fistula associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay Roe","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundas","family":"Lunevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00336-x","article-title":"2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis","volume":"15","author":"Pisano","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0564-0"},{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12152","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a European and global perspective","volume":"16","author":"Hale","year":"2014","journal-title":"HPB (Oxf)"},{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/253645","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis masquerading as gallbladder cancer: can it be diagnosed preoperatively?","volume":"2014","author":"Rammohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v8.i2.183","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: what every radiologist should know","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"2025082802320186000_17.8.e260954.6","unstructured":"Theise N . 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