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MRI of the brain with and without contrast revealed two enhancing masses in the right lentiform nucleus and right temporal-occipital junction with associated vasogenic oedema. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis with positive CSF Toxoplasma gondii PCR and neurosyphilis with positive serum rapid plasma reagin and CSF venereal disease research laboratory test. He was treated with trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and intravenous penicillin G with the resolution of his symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-261502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T02:30:31Z","timestamp":1726713031000},"page":"e261502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coinfection of cerebral toxoplasmosis and neurosyphilis as the first manifestation of AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2407-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Duffus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine\/Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sree","family":"Chinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana G","family":"Finkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082708443548000_17.9.e261502.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004"},{"key":"2025082708443548000_17.9.e261502.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00115-19","article-title":"Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis","volume":"34","author":"Elsheikha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025082708443548000_17.9.e261502.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1906228"},{"key":"2025082708443548000_17.9.e261502.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho L , Cardoso SW , Amancio RT , et al . 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