{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T07:34:29Z","timestamp":1785742469614,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease of immunocompetent patients, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is seen in immunocompromised patients. Hence, pulmonary <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> overlap syndrome presenting with ABPA and invasive aspergillosis is extremely rare. We report a case of well-controlled bronchial asthma who presented with acute exacerbation and hypoxaemic respiratory failure. The chest imaging showed bilateral patchy consolidation. Sputum culture revealed <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Video bronchoscopy showed dense greyish-white membranes studded all over the tracheobronchial tree. On further evaluation and bronchoscopic biopsy, she was diagnosed with an overlap of ABPA and invasive pseudomembranous <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> tracheobronchitis with a secondary <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infection. She responded well to antifungal therapy, resulting in good clinico-radiological resolution, but developed some residual lung damage. Ours is the first report on pseudomembranous <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> tracheobronchitis (a form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis) with ABPA overlap, although ABPA has been reported with other forms of invasive aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-261505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T09:45:30Z","timestamp":1736243130000},"page":"e261505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pulmonary <i>Aspergillus<\/i> overlap syndrome in a patient with bronchial asthma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3606-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanila","family":"Kunhi Veetil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, ESIC Model Hospital & PGIMSR, New Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahismita","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipti","family":"Gothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, ESICPGIMSR, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh S","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, ESICPGIMSR, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1187_19"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00001011"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3401990","article-title":"Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"41","author":"Ledoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0212-y","article-title":"Pulmonary Aspergillus Overlap Syndromes","volume":"183","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.011"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.029"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.7","first-page":"737","article-title":"Pseudomembranous Aspergillus Tracheobronchitis: Case Report of a Rare Manifestation of Airway Invasive Aspergillosis","volume":"83","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"T Y U C"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-015-9907-0","article-title":"Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Case Report and Systematic Review","volume":"180","author":"Maturu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_980_23","article-title":"Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a nondiabetic immunocompetent female suffering from allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-016-0170-9","article-title":"Aspergillus march: from ABPA to aspergilloma to subacute invasive aspergillosis","volume":"12","author":"Dogra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5505\/respircase.2021.77044","article-title":"Aspergillosis: from Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis to Invasive Aspergillosa","volume":"10","author":"Ser\u00e7e Unat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01787-2021"},{"key":"2025082711302003000_18.1.e261505.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewington-Gower E , Chan L , Shah A . Review of current and future therapeutics in ABPA. 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