{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T13:12:45Z","timestamp":1782393165527,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A man in his 70s was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe COVID-19 and treated with dexamethasone and tocilizumab. After recovery from COVID-19, he developed <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia and non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia, with fatal outcome. He had been prescribed <jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic> MIYAIRI 588 fine granules as probiotics for a month. The genome sequences of the <jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic> isolate from the blood culture and <jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic> MIYAIRI 588 fine granules were identical by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. This is the first case of definitive probiotics-related <jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia after treatment of severe COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-261578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T13:00:45Z","timestamp":1722690045000},"page":"e261578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Probiotics-related <i>Clostridium butyricum<\/i> bacteraemia after COVID-19, confirmed by whole-genome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuya","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, 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