{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:02:19Z","timestamp":1756339339012,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis characterised by arterial inflammation, with permanent vision loss being a feared complication. The association between GCA and viral infections is well-known, but there is limited data regarding its relationship to COVID-19. A man in his 80s with a recent history of COVID-19 developed sudden vision loss, persistent headaches and jaw claudication. Ophthalmological findings raised the suspicion of a GCA diagnosis, which was confirmed by temporal artery biopsy. Treatment with prednisone stabilised vision and resolved systemic symptoms. Reports suggest a potential temporal correlation between GCA onset and COVID-19 infection, warranting further investigation into potential mechanisms and clinical implications. This case supports an infectious trigger for GCA, which is a leading theory regarding its pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-261988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T20:30:51Z","timestamp":1734294651000},"page":"e261988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Giant cell arteritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sepehr","family":"Fekrazad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A","family":"Micieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02450-w","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17899","article-title":"Incidence of giant cell arteritis is associated with COVID-19 prevalence: A population-level retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Mulhearn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3182688218"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez672"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2020.11.005","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering a giant cell arteritis","volume":"156","author":"Riera-Mart\u00ed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szyde\u0142ko-Pa\u015bko U , Prze\u017adziecka-Do\u0142yk J , Kr\u0119cicka J , et al . Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in the Course of Giant Cell Arteritis After COVID-19. Am J Case Rep 2021;23. doi:10.12659\/AJCR.933471","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.933471"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40236","article-title":"Herpes Zoster as a Risk Factor for Incident Giant Cell Arteritis","volume":"69","author":"England","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103341","article-title":"Increased incidence of giant cell arteritis and associated stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A nation-wide population study","volume":"22","author":"Moreno-Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001416","article-title":"Bilateral Vision Loss From Varicella Zoster Virus-Associated Giant Cell Arteritis","volume":"43","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210955","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis, infections and biologics","volume":"76","author":"Moiseev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003493","article-title":"Association between infection and the onset of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Pacoureau","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025082622445613000_17.12.e261988.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmmed.2022.933161","article-title":"The innate face of Giant Cell Arteritis: Insight into cellular and molecular innate immunity pathways to unravel new possible biomarkers of disease","volume":"2","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-261988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:45:07Z","timestamp":1756273507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-261988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2024-261988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-261988","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}