{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T19:40:12Z","timestamp":1756323612872,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis is a rare but serious infective complication following correction of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). We describe a probable zoonotic case of <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic> prosthetic pulmonary valve infective endocarditis in a young woman with corrected ToF with regular exposure to horses. The case was further complicated by acalculous cholecystitis, which was the initial presenting syndrome, requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Microbiological analysis of blood cultures yielded growth of <jats:italic>S. equi<\/jats:italic> with whole genome sequencing confirming the subspecies identification of <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>. The patient underwent successful combined medical and surgical management incorporating a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics and a re-do homograft pulmonary valve replacement followed by prolonged oral antibiotic therapy. Clinicians should be mindful of the increased risk of endocarditis in adult congenital heart disease and relevant bacteraemia detection should prompt thorough valvular assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-262383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T10:10:11Z","timestamp":1730715011000},"page":"e262383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probable zoonotic pulmonary prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and acalculous cholecystitis caused by <i>Streptococcus equi<\/i> subspecies <i>zooepidemicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Eustace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland\u2014Central Microbiology Laboratory, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane Clinical Unit, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Strey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine, Queensland Health, Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland\u2014Central Microbiology Laboratory, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711585110000_17.11.e262383.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017293","article-title":"Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis 2020: Challenges and Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Shmueli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025082711585110000_17.11.e262383.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022445","article-title":"Incidence of Infective Endocarditis Among Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"10","author":"Havers-Borgersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025082711585110000_17.11.e262383.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-024-01748-z","article-title":"The infected right ventricular outflow tract in children and adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"40","author":"Iyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025082711585110000_17.11.e262383.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-03835-y","article-title":"Streptococcus oralis pulmonic valve endocarditis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Nahhal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082711585110000_17.11.e262383.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahjoub Z , Boughattas S , Boughzala S , et al . 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