{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:47:59Z","timestamp":1783968479157,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A man in his 60s with advanced COPD and lung adenocarcinoma presented with sepsis and acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. Imaging revealed bilateral pleural effusions, and he was found to have a polymicrobial empyema which included <jats:italic>Capnocytophaga sputigena<\/jats:italic>. Despite appropriate treatment, he continued to deteriorate and ultimately died of sepsis. <jats:italic>Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic> species, typically benign constituents of the oral microbiota, rarely can instigate pleuropulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We highlight the difficulty in the identification and the optimal antimicrobial treatment of <jats:italic>Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic> in the setting of growing antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-262483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T12:10:45Z","timestamp":1737979845000},"page":"e262483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polymicrobial empyema in a patient with lung adenocarcinomacontaining <i>Capnocytophaga sputigena<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tejas","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isam","family":"Albaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00185-X","article-title":"Pleural infection: past, present, and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Corcoran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-074OC"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.030","article-title":"The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines for the management of empyema","volume":"153","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00542-2019","article-title":"The microbiology of pleural infection in adults: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.ET2412","article-title":"Etymologia: Capnocytophaga canimorsus","volume":"24","author":"Henry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01218-08"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.10.005"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.325"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00884-13"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00747","article-title":"Unexpected etiology of a pleural empyema in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Capnocytophaga ochracea","volume":"20","author":"Basco","year":"2020","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018811724984"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.12","first-page":"906","article-title":"A case of empyema due to Capnocytophaga sp. and Actinomyces israelii","volume":"47","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640040005","article-title":"Capnocytophaga pleural empyema following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. A rare complication, a rare pathogen","volume":"14","author":"Hourmont","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4172\/2472-4998.1000112","article-title":"Empyema Caused by Unusual Pathogen Capnocytophaga","volume":"1","author":"Karem","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082702141263000_18.1.e262483.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.030","article-title":"The bacterial aetiology of pleural empyema. 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