{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:03:26Z","timestamp":1756339406183,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may be due to various reasons. Long-standing dislocation is a rare condition as it is a sequela of unrecognised dislocation, which can lead to ankylosis of TMJ, a rare clinical representation. A male patient in his late 30s reported with a deviated mandible to the left side, occlusal derangement and reduced mouth opening of 1\u2009cm. The radiological investigation showed a bony mass above the normal condylar appearance within the glenoid fossa and extending medially to the base of the skull. Ankylosis release was done with right condylotomy, and removal of the bony mass and right coronoidectomy was done and reconstructed with prosthetic condyle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-262901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:35:17Z","timestamp":1740530117000},"page":"e262901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progressive extra-articular ankylosis secondary to chronic unilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnson Akkarapatty","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun Paul","family":"Charlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(89)90181-2"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006317","article-title":"Total Joint Replacement After Condylar Destruction Secondary to Long-Standing Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"31","author":"Sarlabous","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.106693","article-title":"Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"89","author":"Shorey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.00000000017","article-title":"Recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: a literature review and two case reports treated with eminectomy","volume":"32","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"CRANIO"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03770.x","article-title":"Temporomandibular dislocation due to aripiprazole induced dystonia","volume":"70","author":"Solomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.11.005","article-title":"Treatment of long term anterior dislocation of the TMJ","volume":"42","author":"Baur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.7","first-page":"83","article-title":"Temporomandibular chronic dislocation: The long-standing condition","volume":"21","author":"Marqu\u00e9s-Mateo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.8","first-page":"e891","article-title":"Efficacy of eminectomy in the treatment of prolonged mandibular dislocation","volume":"15","author":"Kluppel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.02.011","article-title":"Jacob\u2019s disease: report of a rare case and literature review","volume":"40","author":"Sreeramaneni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025082702105245000_18.2.e262901.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allevi F , Battista V , Moneghini L , et al . Two typical cases of pseudoankylosis of the jaw: same treatment, different outcome. 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