{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:32:11Z","timestamp":1763389931655,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A woman in her 30s with type 2 diabetes and morbid obesity presented with flu-like symptoms, persistent cough and mild dyspnoea, unresponsive to pneumonia treatment. Diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia, she was started on induction chemotherapy. Despite prophylactic antifungal and antibacterial therapy, she developed a fever, a right upper lobe opacity and a complete airway obstruction by a large endobronchial mass in the right main stem. Bronchoscopy with biopsy and PCR confirmed mucormycosis. Although a combined antifungal regimen was started promptly, her condition worsened, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, tracheo-pleural fistulas and extensive necrotic mucosa in the airways. Surgical intervention was not feasible, and she was transitioned to hospice. Complete central airway obstruction and trachea-pleural fistula are rare manifestations of pulmonary mucormycosis. We conduct a literature review of endobronchial mucormycosis to highlight the importance of early recognition and a multimodal treatment approach to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-263366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T04:05:30Z","timestamp":1732766730000},"page":"e263366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Complete central airway obstruction from aggressive mucormycosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8212-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hieu Duong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Methodist Hospitals Inc, Merrillville, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1424-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Y Nhi","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3155-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An Thi Nhat","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology, Oncomedicine division, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701435363000_17.11.e263366.1","first-page":"913","article-title":"Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM): a comprehensive case 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