{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T17:40:06Z","timestamp":1756316406484,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A middle childhood boy with no disclosed medical history presented with paroxysmal episodes of pain in the left ear accompanied by redness of the earlobe over a 3-month period. The attacks occurred suddenly, lasted for hours and had a variable frequency. He denied experiencing a headache or other neurological symptoms and had previously attempted treatment with gabapentin, prednisolone, ibuprofen and topical lidocaine without success. Suspecting red ear syndrome (RES), we requested cervical and brain MRI and initiated a therapeutic trial with indomethacin 75\u2009mg\/day. The MRI revealed a loop of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the internal auditory canal, without pathological significance. An improvement in both the frequency and intensity of the paroxysms was observed. Subsequently, indomethacin was gradually tapered, and treatment with flunarizine was introduced, yielding a favourable response. RES is a rare disorder with an unknown pathophysiology, and its optimal treatment approach remains largely empirical.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-263784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T09:40:57Z","timestamp":1741945257000},"page":"e263784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Red colour of a painful ear: red ear syndrome in paediatric age"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Palavra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Development - Neuropaediatrics Unit, Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-83","article-title":"The red ear syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Lambru","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00935.x"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0547-y","article-title":"Red Ear Syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Raieli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00666.x"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03342.x"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.6","first-page":"301","article-title":"Red ear(s) syndrome associated with child neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lupus (Los Angel)"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.023","article-title":"Red ear syndrome: literature review and a pediatric case report","volume":"79","author":"Moitri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2017.03.015","article-title":"A Boy With Red Ears","volume":"26","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2025082710001012000_18.3.e263784.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2015.01.004","article-title":"Red ear syndrome - 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