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Interferon gamma release assay was positive, as were the urine cultures for <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, confirming the diagnosis of UGTB. The patient was initiated on tuberculostatic drugs, with a favourable response. This case emphasises the high degree of suspicion needed to establish the diagnosis of UGTB, which should be considered in patients with persistent sterile pyuria and a relevant epidemiological context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-264594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:45:37Z","timestamp":1741355137000},"page":"e264594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urogenital tuberculosis in a patient with persistent sterile pyuria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Unidade Local de Saude de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Roxo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Unidade Local de Saude de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Birne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Unidade Local de Saude de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago J","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Unidade Local de Saude de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801032783000_18.3.e264594.1","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report 2024. 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