{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:40:10Z","timestamp":1756366810130,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical characteristics of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) as a primary tracheal tumour are unclear due to its rarity. We report the case of a man in his 70s who presented with dyspnoea. Further imaging revealed an intratracheal tumour. The tumour was bronchoscopically debulked to secure the airway, resulting in immediate relief of his dyspnoea. A small lesion in the left main bronchus was also detected. The pathological diagnosis was LCNEC. Positron emission tomography suggested that the trachea was the primary site. Incidental COVID-19 infection delayed his second bronchoscopy for 1\u2009month. It revealed regrowth of the residual lesion in the trachea with multiple disseminated lesions in the airways. This patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Primary tracheal LCNEC is a very rare disease that may be an aggressive malignant tumour; a localised tumour may already be in an advanced stage. Systemic evaluation of potential metastases should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-265596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T20:40:22Z","timestamp":1750624822000},"page":"e265596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the trachea"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0683-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sodai","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Konoeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082800190524000_18.6.e265596.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e3181cae8ab"},{"key":"2025082800190524000_18.6.e265596.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000630"},{"key":"2025082800190524000_18.6.e265596.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70541-6"},{"key":"2025082800190524000_18.6.e265596.4","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board . 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