{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:15:21Z","timestamp":1758845721438,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease (SD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, leading to xerophthalmia and xerostomia, but it may also cause extraglandular involvement, including musculoskeletal, neurological, renal and pulmonary manifestations. Although interstitial lung disease and small airway obstruction are well-documented pulmonary manifestations, pleural effusion is rare. In this report, we present a male patient in his 40s who presented with left-sided pleuritic chest pain and pleural effusion with no previous history of systemic disease, infection or malignancy. Initial laboratory and imaging findings suggested exudative pleural effusion, but further investigations excluded infectious causes, tuberculosis and malignancy. Following a detailed history and physical examination, autoimmune tests (ANA, ENA) were requested based on clinical suspicion. Anti-SSA (Ro) was positive, and the Schirmer test was positive, leading to a diagnosis of pSS. While pulmonary involvement is common in primary SD, pleural effusion is a rare manifestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2025-265673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:30:30Z","timestamp":1758796230000},"page":"e265673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pleural effusion as a rare manifestation of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Melis","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Albayrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynel Abidin","family":"Sayiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bunyamin","family":"Kisacik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03262-4","article-title":"Manifestations and management of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Maleki-Fischbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket427"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0011-2016"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-4-507"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110619"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01149.x","article-title":"Primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome complicated by bilateral pleural effusion","volume":"13","author":"Teshigawara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.8","first-page":"628","article-title":"A case of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome with pleural effusion","volume":"38","author":"Tanaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.9","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome accompanied by pleural effusion","volume":"33","author":"Kashiwabara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000531"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.09.016","article-title":"Respiratory involvement in connective tissue diseases","volume":"120","author":"Xanthouli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5928232","article-title":"Advances in Pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"2021","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2025092503300960000_18.9.e265673.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2018.01.008","article-title":"Shrinking lung syndrome and pleural effusion as an initial manifestation of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Baenas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reumatolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica (English Edition)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-265673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:30:31Z","timestamp":1758796231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-265673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2025-265673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2025-265673","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}